“A Fierce Tempest”: Disaster and Relief at the Luna Settlement, 1559–61

Christina L. Bolte

doi:10.25071/2561-5467.1407

Auteurs-es

Christina L. Bolte

DOI :

https://doi.org/10.25071/2561-5467.1407

Mots-clés :

disasters, relief expeditions, Florida, Spain, colonies, Luna y Arellano, 16th century

Résumé

Les efforts de secours en cas de catastrophe déployés au début de l’histoire coloniale de l’Amérique du Nord indiquent que l’éloignement des sites et la lenteur des communications et des approvisionnements de secours ont directement influencé le succès ou l’échec des premières tentatives de colonisation. Cela est particulièrement évident dans le cas de la tentative de colonisation de Tristán de Luna y Arellano dans la baie de Pensacola, entre 1559 et 1561. Un peu plus d’un mois après la fondation de la colonie, un ouragan s’est abattu sur elle en septembre 1559, détruisant ainsi sept navires de la flotte de Luna et une grande partie des réserves alimentaires. Cette étude analyse les efforts de secours entrepris dans l’espoir de sauver la colonie.

Biographie de l'auteur-e

Christina L. Bolte

Christina L. Bolte is the collections manager and a faculty research associate within the University of West Florida (UWF) Archaeology Institute. Born and raised in rural Connecticut, she received her bachelor’s degree in anthropology from East Tennessee State University and a master’s degree in anthropology/historical archaeology from UWF. Christina is a registered professional archaeologist and has participated in archaeological investigations in Northwest Florida, Tennessee, Jamestown, Virginia, as well as the Auvergne region of France. She has engaged in documentary research, materials analysis, and excavations of the 1559–61 Tristán de Luna settlement on Pensacola Bay since its discovery in 2015. Her research interests include the late pre-contact period in the southeastern United States, Spanish contact and colonialism in the Americas, maritime archaeology and history, as well as artifact conservation, curation, and collections management. This article won the Clark G. Reynolds Student Paper Award in 2017.

Références

Abab, Pedro Gil. 1983. “Junta y Hermandad de la Cabaña Real de Carreteros – XI.” Historia de Covaleda. Accessed November 29, 2016. https://historiadecovaleda.wordpress.com/2015/10/07/junta-y-hermandad-de-la-cabana-real-de-carreteros-burgos-soria-pedro-gil-abad-xi/.

Gayón Petition and Service Record, 1567. Santo Domingo 11. Archivo General de Indias, Seville. PDF copy, translated by John E. Worth, 2017, Worth Collection, Department of Anthropology, University of West Florida, Pensacola.

Petition and Service Record of Alonso Velázquez, Mexico, 1562. Patronato 65, No. 1, Ramo 14, ff. 23r-24v, Archivo General de Indias, Seville. PDF copy, translated by John E. Worth, University Archives and West Florida History Center, University of West Florida, Pensacola.

Priestley, Herbert Ingram, trans. and ed. The Luna Papers, 1559–1561: Volumes I & 2. University of Alabama Press, 2010.

Worth, John E. “Florida’s Forgotten Colony: Historical Background.” In Florida’s Lost Galleon: The Emanuel Point Shipwreck, edited by Roger Smith. University Press of Florida, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813056760.003.0003

Ybarra, Hortuño de. “Audit of the 4 November 1559–31 August 1563 accounts of Pedro de Yebra, Deputy Treasurer of Veracruz,” 1564. Contaduria 877, Reel 2. Archivo General de Indias, Seville. Translation by R. Wayne Childers, 5 September 1999. Archaeology Institute, University of West Florida, Pensacola.

« Une tempête dévastatrice » : les catastrophes et les secours à la colonie de Luna (1559-1561)

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